原文 by Paul hamilton 译文 by 咋不乐 Model Based Definition (MBD) – What’s the Hold-Up? 基于模型的定义—障碍是啥? Recently I have been talking with several companies about the possibility of reducing their dependency on fully detailed drawings. In a recent post titled “The Maturity Curve of Product DevelOPMent” I used the following chart to show the different stages that companies go through as they learn to leverage their electronic CAD data deeper and broader into the product development process. 最近我一直在与几家公司谈论关于减少对对详细的二维图纸依赖的可能性。在最近标题为“产品开发的成熟度曲线”的文章中我用截取了下面的图来表示企业在不同阶段,通过学习不断深化拓宽产品研发中电子CAD数据的运用。
Model Based Definition (MBD) is a term used to describe the addition of information to the 3D model such that the model can represent the complete definition of parts and assemblies. For most companies, this complete definition is usually developed and managed in the 2D drawing and other related documents. At its fullest extent, model based definition can make it possible to reduce and even eliminate the need for 2D drawings. Recently, Matt Lombard at Dezignstuff.com asked if any of his readers were using the 3D CAD Standards that are laid out in the ASME Y14.41 standard. This standard basically defines how 3D models are to be documented and annotated to fully represent the complete definition. So far he has not received too many responses, and no response that indicates the use of this standard and MBD. 基于模型的定义（MBD）是用来描述除了三维模型外本身之外的信息，比如说表示零件和装配的完整定义。对于大多数企业来说，这个完整的定义通常是利用二维工程图和其他相关文档。实际上有很大的可能性，MBD可以使人们减少甚至抛弃对二维图纸的需要。 最近，Dezignstuff.com的Matt Lombard问他的读者是否有人在使用基于ASME Y14.41标准的三维CAD标准。这个标准基本上定义了如何记录和注释3D模型以便充分表示出其完整定义。到目前为止，他并没有收到太多的反馈，这也了表明了这一标准和MBD使用情况。 Much time goes into creating fully detailed drawings. They can be expensive to create and manage. They can be easily misinterpreted. If developed from a 3D model, there is much duplication of effort. With duplication of effort comes a higher potential for error. Drawings can quickly become detached or unrelated to the 3D model. Once printed, they can become even more detached from the 3D model, and the opportunity for error increases. So, what’s the holdup? 大部分时间都花在创建详细的图纸。而创建和管理二维工程图可能比较花费成本，并且很容易被误解其传达的意思。从三维模型生成二维图，有大量重复的工作。随之而来的重复工作的有高错误率的趋势。二维图可以迅速地脱离或与三维模型没有了关联关系。一旦打印出来，就同三维模型彻底分离了，而出错的机会也会增加。那么，到底是啥阻碍了我们呢使用MBD呢？
I have read a few success stories about MBD, but I have yet to witness one. As engineers at Hewlett Packard, we were successful with reduced content drawings, but we never made it to a “drawing-less”, or MBD process. There have been many claims to successful MBD in aerospace, automotive, and high tech electronics. I have visited many of these companies and am still looking for some good examples. I have seen some small examples from some progressive individuals or even small groups that have been able to push forward with MBD to some extent, but nothing that encompasses the complete product lifecycle. Maybe I just haven’t visited the right places. What does it take to move to a model based definition? The technology exists. Most all modern 3D CAD tools have some capability for MBD. Some are better than others. Several free viewers are also available to read and view these annotated parts and assemblies. I would love to hear from some of the readers. What are the challenges you would face, or are facing? 我读了一些关于MBD实施成功的故事，但我还没有亲自看到过。我曾经在惠普公司做过工程师，惠普成功减少了二维图纸的运用，但远远没有达到“无二维”的效果或者说成功实施MBD。目前在航空航天，汽车和高科技行业中，很多人声称成功引入了MBD。我访问了其中的一些公司，但依然在寻找好的范例。我见过一些先进的个人或小团体推进MBD到一定程度，但是都没有囊括到整个产品生命周期。也许我还没有访问到正确的地方。 怎样才能实施MBD？虽说该技术已经存在了一段时间。几乎所有的现代三维CAD工具有一些实施MBD需要的功能。有些工具做得比较好。还有一些免费的浏览工具来阅读和查看这些带注释的部件和组件。我很愿意听到你们关于这些工具的反馈。还有什么是你们目前或将要面临到的挑战？
As I stated in the post regarding the maturity curve, making the move up the curve will be an evolutionary move – one step at a time. First, you need to understand where, when and why part and assembly definitions exist in printed form. I see a significant use of computers on the shop floor, in manufacturing and assembly. It’s even becoming common to see 3D representations of parts and assemblies on the monitors. But it’s equally common to see a printed 2D drawing lying on the workbench next to the monitor. As we continue to move to 3D based product design and manufacturing, the development and management of drawings will become a duplication of resources and effort, effort that we may not be able to afford much longer. 正如我在在开始讲到的成熟度曲线，曲线每一次向上移动都是一次革新，一次一个步骤。首先，你必须了解在何处，何时以及为什么要使用打印出来的零件和组件信息。我看到了车间中安放了大量的电脑，我甚至经常可以看到显示器上的零件和装配体的三维模型。但同样也经常看到工作台上打印的二维图纸就躺在显示器旁边。 只要我们继续向前推进三维产品设计和制造，二维的图纸管理就变成了一种重复劳动。一种我们无法再承受的重复。 Here are some challenges to MBD that people have shared with me. 在引入MBD的时候，很多人和我分享了可能的挑战： The culture chasm, it’s a giant leap Quality management/inspection Compliance with industry specific regulations Our suppliers, partners Cost & disruption vs. value Inadequate tools/technology •文化的鸿沟，这是一个巨大的飞跃 •质量管理/检测 •遵守行业中的特定法规 •我们的供应商，合作伙伴 •成本和突破 Vs. 价值 •不成熟的工具/技术 I recently needed to make a part on the lathe in my garage that I first designed in 3D. I didn’t take my laptop with me; I took a printed drawing – hum… 最近我需要用摆在车库里的车床加工一个零件，我首先设计出了三维模型。我没有带我的笔记本电脑。我打印出工程图—嗯….. |
