经常有听人说UL黄卡，他与94-V0的关系是怎样的呢？？？
如何检测试条的阻燃等级，
如何申请UL黄卡，请看下文的详述。
This section provides information on the procedures and tests involved in obtaining UL Recognition of RTP Company specialty compounds.
此區域提供關於RTP公司特殊複合材料取得UL承認所需要的程序和測試之資料。
In the case of finished goods, frequently the UL Recognition of component materials can eliminate the need for some tests on the final product. This can significantly reduce both your cost and the time required for evaluation.
以最終產品為例，UL承認的零件材料經常能夠消除最終產品所需要的一些測試。 此情況可以有意義地降低客戶評估所需的成本和時間。
RTP Company offers support in selecting materials, optimizing designs, and processing that can assist you in obtaining product certification from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
RTP公司提供選擇材料，最佳設計和加工的技援以協助客戶由UL公司取得產品認証。
We can provide you with UL file numbers, copies of UL Yellow Cards and appropriate UL contact names. Upon request, we can also expedite UL Recognition and Yellow Cards for individual custom compounds.
RTP公司可以提供客戶UL檔案號碼，UL黃卡影本和適當的UL聯絡單位。 依據要求，RTP公司也可加速個別的特殊配置材料的UL承認和黃卡。
UL94 HB flammability standard (UL94 HB可燃性標準)
Requirements for HB (HB的要求條件)
UL94 V-0, V-1, V-2 flammability standard (UL94 V-0, V-1, V-2可燃性標準)
Requirements for V-0 (V-0的要求條件)
Requirements for V-1 (V-1的要求條件)
Requirements for V-2 (V-2的要求條件)
UL94 5VA & 5VB flammability standard (UL94 5VA & 5VB可燃性標準)
Requirements for 5VA (5VA的要求條件)
Requirements for 5VB (5VB的要求條件)
UL94 criteria summary (UL94判定標準摘要)
Glow Wire testing
Obtaining material recognition (取得材料認証)
UL test descriptions (UL測試描述)
UL file numbers for RTP Company (RTP公司的UL檔案號碼)
Requesting a UL Yellow Card from RTP Company (向RTP公司要UL黃卡)
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UL 94 HB flammability standard(UL94 HB可燃性標準)
Specimen 試片
Length 125 mm (5 in) x Width 13 mm (0.5 in) x Thickness [typically 1.5 mm (1/16 in) or 3.0 mm (1/8 in) or 6.0 mm (1/4 in)].
長125mm(5")X寬13mm(1/2")X厚度[一般為1.5mm(1/16")、3.0mm (1/8")或6.0mm (1/4")厚]
Procedure 程序
Three specimens of each thickness are tested after conditioning for 48 hours at 23 degrees C and 50% RH.
每一種厚度準備了三個試片，測試前先在23℃和50%相對濕度下放置48小時。
Each specimen is mounted with its long axis horizontal and its short axis at a 45 degree angle.
每一試片以長軸呈水平、短軸呈45°方式固定。
Each specimen is marked with two lines, 25 mm and 100 mm from one end of the specimen.
每一試片在25mm及100mm處畫線做記號。
Each specimen is supported at one end such that its lower edge is 10 mm above a piece of wire gauze.
每一試片之一端固定，低緣下方10mm處水平放置一片金屬細網。
A 20 mm high blue Bunsen burner flame is applied to the free end of the specimen for 30 second and then removed. If the specimen continues to burn after the removal of the test flame, the time for the flame front to travel between the two gauge marks is measured and the burning rate calculated in millimeters per minute.
一個20mm高藍色本生燈火焰燃燒試片未固定之一端30秒鐘然後移開。 在火焰移開後假如試片繼續燃燒，則測出火焰由前緣燃燒至2個記號之間所用的時間。 燃燒速率以mm/min計算。
Requirements for HB HB等級的判定標準
The specimens may not have a burn rate exceeding 40 mm per minute over a 75 mm span for specimens having a thickness of 3.0 mm to 13 mm, or
3.0mm到13mm厚度之試片，沒有一個在75mn距離內燃燒速率超過40mm/min或
The specimens may not have a burn rate exceeding 75 mm per minute over a 75 mm span for specimens having a thickness less than 3.0 mm, or
小於3mm厚度之試片，沒有一個在75mm距離內燃燒速率超過75mm/min或
The specimens cease to burn before the flame reaches the 100 mm mark.
火焰在接近100mm記號前中止燃燒。
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UL 94 V-0, V-1, V-2 flammability standard(UL94 V-0, V-1, V-2可燃性標準)
Specimen 試片
Length 125 mm (5 in) x Width 13 mm (0.5 in) x Thickness [typically 0.7 mm (1/32 in) or 1.5 mm (1/16 in) or 3.0 mm (1/8 in)].
長125mm(5")X寬13mm(1/2")X厚度[一般為0.7mm(1/32")、1.5mm(1/16")、3mm(1/8")厚]
Procedure 程序
A total of 10 specimens (2 sets) are tested per thickness.
每一厚度總共10個試片(分為兩組)被測試。
Five specimens of each thickness are tested after conditioning for 48 hours at 23 degrees C and 50% RH.
每一厚度取5個試片為一組在23℃和50%下放置48小時後再測試。
Five specimens of each thickness are tested after conditioning for 7 days at 70 degrees C.
同一厚度另取5個試片為一組在70℃下放置7天後再測試。
Each specimen is mounted with long axis vertical
每一試片以長軸垂直地面方式固定。
Each specimen is supported such that its lower end is 10 mm above Bunsen burner tube.
試片上端被支撐以致下端高於本生燈10mm。
A blue 20 mm high flame is applied to the center of the lower edge of the specimen for 10 seconds and removed. If burning ceases within 30 seconds, the flame is reapplied for an additional 10 seconds. If the specimen drips, particles are allowed to fall onto a layer of dry absorbent surgical cotton placed 300 mm below the specimen.
藍色20mm高火焰燃燒試片下端邊緣中心10秒鐘，然後移開。 假如試片在30秒之內停止燃燒，則本生燈火焰再次燃燒試片下端邊緣中心10秒鐘。假如試片熔化，則滴下來的火焰分子會掉落在距試片下端300mm處之棉花層。
Requirements for V-0 (V-0的要求條件)
The specimens may not burn with flaming combustion for more than 10 seconds after either application of the test flame.
在每一次本生燈火焰燃燒10秒鐘移開後，沒有任何一個試片被火焰點燃超過10秒鐘。
The total flaming combustion time may not exceed 50 seconds for the 10 flame applications for each set of 5 specimens.
每一組的5個試片中，共10次火焰燃燒10秒鐘移開後，總共火焰燃燒的時間不超過50秒鐘。
The specimens may not burn with flaming or glowing combustion up to the holding clamp.
沒有任何試片被火焰點燃並燃燒到試片被夾住固定的上端。
The specimens may not drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbent surgical cotton located 300 mm below the test specimen.
沒有任何試片滴落的火焰分子會點燃300mm下之乾燥的吸收性外科用棉花。
The specimens may not have glowing combustion that persists for more than 30 seconds after the second removal of the test flame.
沒有任何試片在第二次測試火焰移開後燃燒持續超過30秒鐘。
Requirements for V-1 (V-1的要求條件)
The specimens may not burn with flaming combustion for more than 30 seconds after either application of the test flame.
在每一次本生燈火焰燃燒10秒鐘移開後，沒有任何一個試片被火焰點燃超過30秒鐘。
The total flaming combustion time may not exceed 250 seconds for the 10 flame applications for each set of 5 specimens.
每一組的5個試片中，共10次火焰燃燒10秒鐘移開後，總共火焰燃燒時間不超過250秒鐘。
The specimens may not burn with flaming or glowing combustion up to the holding clamp.
沒有任何試片被火焰點燃並燃燒到試片被夾住固定的上端。
The specimens may not drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbent surgical cotton located 300 mm below the test specimen.
沒有任何試片滴落的火焰分子會點燃300mm下之乾燥的吸收性外科用棉花。
The specimens may not have glowing combustion that persists for more than 60 seconds after the second removal of the test flame.
沒有任何試片在第二次測試火焰移開後燃燒持續超過60秒鐘。
Requirements for V-2 (V-2的要求條件)
The specimens may not burn with flaming combustion for more than 30 seconds after either application of the test flame.
在每一次本生燈火焰燃燒1 0秒鐘移開後沒有任何一個試片被火焰點燃超過30秒鐘。
The total flaming combustion time may not exceed 250 seconds for the 10 flame applications for each set of 5 specimens.
每一組的5個試片中，若10次火焰燃燒10秒鐘移開後，總共火焰燃燒不超過250秒鐘。
The specimens may not burn with flaming or glowing combustion up to the holding clamp.
沒有任何試片被火焰點燃並燃燒到試片被夾住固定的上端。
The specimens can drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbent surgical cotton located 300 mm below the test specimen.
試片滴落的火焰分子會有短暫的燃燒，且會點燃300mm之下的乾燥的吸收性外科用棉花層。
The specimens may not have glowing combustion that persists for more than 60 seconds after the second removal of the test flame.
沒有任何試片在第二次測試火焰移開後燃燒持續超過60秒鐘。
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UL94 5VA & 5VB flammability standard (UL94 5VA & 5VB可燃性標準)
Specimens 試片
Bars: Length 125 mm (5 in) x Width 13 mm (0.5 in) x Thickness [typically 3.0 mm (1/8 in)].
試片：長125mm(5")X寬13mm(0.5")X厚度[一般為3mm(1/8")]
Plaques: Length 150 mm (6 in) x 150 mm (6 in) x Thickness [typically 3.0 mm (1/8 in)].
試板：150mm(6")Xl50mm(6")X厚度[一般為3mm(1/8")]
Procedure for Bars 程序試片
A total of 10 specimens (2 sets) are tested per thickness.
每一厚度總共10個試片(分為兩組)被測試。
Five specimens of each thickness are tested after conditioning for 48 hours at 23 degrees C and 50% RH.
每一厚度取5個試片為一組在23℃，50%RH下放置48小時後再測試。
Five specimens of each thickness are tested after conditioning for 7 days at 70 degrees C.
同一厚度另取5個試片為一組在70℃下放置7天後再測試。
For bar specimens, the specimens are mounted with the long axis vertical.
測試棒試片以長軸垂直地面方式固定。
A 125 mm overall high Bunsen burner flame with a 40 mm blue inner cone is applied to the lower corner of each specimen at an angle of 20 degrees from vertical such that the tip of the blue inner cone touches the specimen. The flame is applied for 5 seconds and removed for 5 seconds. The operation is to be repeated until each specimen has been subjected to 5 applications of the test flame.
一個高度40mm中心是藍色的火焰總長125mm高的本生燈，放置方式與垂直方向呈20°角，並使藍色火焰的頂端接觸前試片的底端。 燃燒試片底端5秒鐘後再移開火焰5秒鐘。 如此操作重複5次。
Procedure for Plaques 試板的測試程序
Same as for bars except that the plaques are to be mounted on the horizontal plane with the flame applied to the center of the bottom surface of the plaque.
除了試板以水平方式放置以外，其測試程序都與測試片之程序相同。火焰燃燒試板之底面。
Requirements for 5VA (5VA的要求求條件)
The specimens may not burn with flaming or glowing combustion for more than 60 seconds after the fifth application of the test flame.
在第5次的火焰燃燒5秒鐘之後，沒有任何一片試片被點燃或持續燃燒超過60秒。
The specimens may not drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbent surgical cotton located 300 mm below the test specimen.
沒有任何試片滴落之火焰分子會點燃放置於下面300mm(12")之乾燥吸收性外科用棉花層。
Plaque specimens may not exhibit burnthrough.
沒有任何一片試板被火焰穿透。
Requirements for 5VB (5VB的要求求條件)
The specimens may not burn with flaming or glowing combustion for more than 60 seconds after the fifth application of the test flame.
在第5次的火焰燃燒5秒鐘之後，沒有任何一片試片被點燃或持續燃燒超過60秒。
The specimens may not drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbent surgical cotton located 300 mm below the test specimen.
沒有任何試片滴落之火焰分子會點燃放置於下面300mm(12")之乾燥吸收性外科用棉花層。
Plaque specimens may not exhibit burnthrough.
沒有任何一片試板被火焰穿透。
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UL 94 criteria summary(UL94判定標準摘要)
Criteria 判定標準 HB V-2 V-1 V-0 5VB 5VA
Number of bar specimens as received
試樣數目 3 5 5 5 5 5
Number of plaque specimens as received
試板數目 3 3
Number of ignitions
火焰燃燒次數 1 2 2 2 5 5
Maximum flaming time per specimen per flame application, sec
每次火焰燃燒後每一試片的燃燒秒數不能超過 30 30 10
Maximum total flaming time, 5 specimens, 2 ignitions, sec
5個試片，兩次火焰燃燒的試片總燃燒秒數不能超過 250 250 50
Specimen drips, ignites cotton
滴落的火焰分子是否會點燃下方的棉花層 Yes No No No No
Maximum afterglow time, per specimen, sec
每一試片最長的延燒秒數不能超過 60 60 30
Burn to holding clamp
火焰是否燃燒到被夾子固定之上端 NO NO NO NO NO
Maximum flaming or glowing combustion time after 5th flame application, sec
第5次火焰燃燒後試片延燒秒數不能超過 60 60
Maximum burning rate for specimens 3.0 mm to 13 mm thick over 75 mm span, mm/min3.0-13mm(0.12-0.50”)
厚度之試片在75mm內之燃燒速率(mm/min) 40
Maximum burning rate for specimens less than 3.0 mm thick over 75 mm span, mm/min 小於3.0mm(0.12”)
厚度之試片在75mm距離內之燃燒速率(mm/min) 75
Plaque specimen exhibit burnthrough
試板是否被火焰穿透 Yes No
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Glow Wire testing
Burning behavior of compounded thermoplastics is not just a material characteristic. It's also dependent on the shape and wall thickness of the application. In Europe, flammability is tested using Glow Wire Tests according to IEC 695-2-1 and/or the Needle Flame test according to IEC 695-2-2.
Components or parts may, under faulty conditions or overload conditions, attain a temperature such that they are unduly affected or such that they will ignite parts in the nearby area. The Glow Wire Test simulates thermal stresses which may be produced by such sources of heat or ignition, for example the glowing elements of overloaded resistors, in order to assess by simulation technique the fire hazard.
Test procedure
Sample: Thinnest wall thickness of the completed application.
Pre-treatment: 24 hours at 23 degrees C at 50% RH.
Temperatures of glow wire: 550, 650, 750 850 or 960 degrees C (depending on the relevant specification).
Force: 1 Newton.
Contact time: 30 seconds.
Requirements
The specimen is consider to have withstood the Glow Wire Test if one of the following applies:
There is no flame and no glowing on the sample.
Flames or glowing of the sample extinguish within 30 seconds after removal of the glow wire, and if the cotton or the paper underlay doesn't ignite or burn.
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Obtaining material recognition 取得材料UL認證之程序
Communication between RTP Company and customerRTP公司與客戶之間的溝通
Determine flammability requirements for the application. 決定應用的防火等級
Determine other UL requirements for the application, (See #3 below). 決定應用的其他UL要求條件(見#3)
Ensure chosen material is appropriate for the application. 確保選擇的材料符合應用之要求
Samples are prepared by RTP Company and submitted to UL RTP公司準備樣品並提供給UL
Samples tested樣品測試
Samples are tested by UL per UL94
UL依UL94防火測試法測試
Flammability (5VA, 5VB, V-0, V-1, V-2, HB) 可燃性(5VA, 5VB, V-0, V-1, V-2, HB)
Samples are tested by UL per UL746A (a required by customer's application)
D-495 (ASTM D-495 arc resistance) ·
D-495(ASTM D-495電弧抗性)
CTI (comparative tracking index)
CTI(比較的痕跡指標)
HAI (high amp arc ignition)
·HAI(高安培點火)
HVTR (high voltage arc tracking rate)
HVAR(高伏特電弧痕跡率)
HWI (hot wire ignition)
HWI(熱電線點火)
HVAR (high voltage arc resistance to ignition)
HVAR(對點火的高伏特電弧抗性)
Volume resistivity
體積電阻
Dielectric strength
介電強度
Impact strength
耐衝擊強度
Tensile strength
抗拉強度
Flexural strength
抗彎強度
Heat deflection temperature
熱變形溫度
Dimensional stability
尺寸安定性
Composition analysis
成分分析
Infrared spectroscopy (IR) 紅外線分光鏡(IR)
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 差別的掃瞄熱量測定(DSC)
Sample are tested by RTP Company per UL746B (as required by customer's application)
RTP公司依據UL746B方式測試樣品(依客戶應用的要求)
Samples are heat aged at temperatures determined by the type of material being tested
依被測材料之形態決定的溫度下的熱老化性測試
Samples are pulled at periodic intervals specified by UL
依UL指定時間間隔拉伸樣品
Samples are tested for the following properties
測試樣品的下列特性
Dielectric strength
介電強度
Impact strength
耐衝擊強度
Tensile strength
抗拉強度
Flammability
防火性
Failure times determined
失敗次數的決定
Data analyzed by UL
UL分析測試數據
Relative thermal index assigned (also referred to as Continuous Use Temperature)
相對的熱指標(RTI)之認定(也被參考為連續使用溫度)
Material is Recognized材料被UL認證
Included in "Recognized Component Directory."
列入"已認證的材料名錄"
Yellow Card issued.
公佈黃卡(yellow card)
Follow-up procedure established.
建立追究(follow-up)程序
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UL test descriptions(UL性能指標測試描述)
D-495 (ASTM D-495 arc resistance)D-495(ASTM D-495電弧抗性)
The number of seconds that a material resists the formation of a surface conducting path when subjected to a continuous arc of high voltage, low current characteristics.
當遇到高伏特的連續電弧、低電流特徵峙，材料抵抗形成表面傳導通路所需的秒數。
CTI (comparative tracking index)CTI(比較的痕跡指標)
The voltage which causes tracking on a material after 50 drops of 0.1% ammonium chloride solution has fallen on the surface of a specimen between two electrodes.
50滴1%氯化銨(ammonium chloride )溶液落在2個電極之間的樣品表面之後在材料表面造成痕跡的伏特數。
HVTR (high voltage arc tracking rate)HAI(高安培電弧點火)
The number of arc rupture exposures (standardized as to electrode type and shape and electric circuit) which are necessary to ignite a material when they are applied at a standard rate, either on the surface of the material or at a specified distance from it.
在材料表面與材料有特定距離之下，當使用標準的電弧放電率時，去點燃材料所需的電弧放電次數。
HVTR (high voltage arc tracking rate)HVTR(高伏特電弧痕跡率)
The rate in mm/min that a tracking path can be produced on the surface of the material under standardized test conditions. Note is made if ignition of the material takes place.
在標準的測試條件之下，在材料的表面會製造一個痕跡通路之速率(mm/min)。
HWI (hot wire ignition)HWI(熱電線點火)
The number of seconds needed to ignite standard specimens which are wrapped with resistance wire that dissipates a specified level of electrical energy.
點燃用會散失特定電能之電線纏繞的標準試片所需之秒數。
RTI (relative thermal index)RTI (相對的熱指標)
Materials are investigated with respect to retention of certain critical properties (e.g., dielectric strength, flammability, impact strength, and tensile strength) as part of a long term thermal-aging program conducted in accordance with Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Standard for Polymeric Materials-Long Term Property Evaluations (UL746B). The end-of-life of a material at each test temperature in this program has been assumed to be the time when the value of the critical property has decreased to 50% of its original (as received) value. The temperature index shown in the individual recognition correlates numerically with the temperature in degrees C above which the material is likely to degrade prematurely when based on a comparison with similar results on a material which has had acceptable service experience. More than one Relative Thermal Index may be appropriate for a given material depending on the property requirements for a given application.
依據UL用於高分子材料長時間特性之評估標準(UL746B)測試零件在長時間受熱
情況下對於特定重要特性(如介電性、防火性、抗拉衝擊等)之檢查。 在設定的
測試溫度之下，當此特定特性的強度已降至原來強度的50%時，則假定此為材料
壽命中止的溫度。 此溫度指標顯示於個別的認證並以溫度℃表示。基於與其他
有相似結果且有實際溫度環境工作經驗之材料的比較，超過此溫度材料容易裂化。
對於應用的要求條件之不同所使用的同一材料可能有超過一個的相對熱指標。
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UL file numbers for RTP (RTP公司的UL檔案號碼)
RTP Company compounds are listed under the " lastics" section in the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Recognized Component Directory (QMFZ2) File E84658N.
RTP公司熱塑性複合材料列在UL認證的材料名錄QMFZ2的"塑膠(plastic) "部份，檔案號碼E84658N。
RTP Company has the ability to precolor select grades of resin from major resin manufacturers and maintain their UL Recognition. This is covered under the "lastics Proprietary" section in the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Recognized Component Directory (QMTR2) File E147133N. [UL Yellow Cards for these materials are not available from RTP Company.]
RTP公司有能力針對從任何主要的塑膠聚合廠商選定的塑膠規格製成染好的顏色(precolor)的防火級塑膠並維持其UL的認證。 此部份的材料列在UL認證名錄(QMTR2)的"塑膠所有者(plastics proprietary) "部份，檔案號碼為El47133N。(此類產品的UL黃卡無法由RTP公司得到) |
发表于 2003-11-17 21:21:42
